In our daily life, the frequency of use of microphones (microphones) may not be high, but for some people, microphones are particularly important. For example, network anchors and singers are inseparable from it; recording, venue and other environments are also indispensable. Perhaps you have heard that microphones are divided into condenser and dynamic microphones before, and you also know that there are excellent microphones such as Sennheiser MK4 and Shure SM58. So what are the differences between them? If you were asked to choose a microphone that suits you, how would you choose?

The difference is really big. Do you understand dynamic microphones and condenser microphones?

What's the difference in how it works:

     The so-called dynamic microphone (hereinafter referred to as dynamic microphone) and condenser microphone (hereinafter referred to as condenser microphone) refer to the type of microphone receiver. Common microphones on the market are mainly divided into these two types. So what is the difference in working principles between the two? Dynamic microphones use the principle of electromagnetic induction. The wire coil is mounted on the diaphragm, and then placed between the magnetic field of the magnet. As the sound pressure changes, it continuously moves in the magnetic field to generate an induced current, thus converting the sound signal into an electrical signal. . Its transduction principle is very similar to that of a speaker.

     The capacitor microphone uses the charging and discharging principle of the capacitor. The vibration of the sound drives one plate (ultra-thin metal film) of the capacitor. The vibration of the plate changes the distance between the two plates, and then changes the capacitance. When the capacitance becomes larger, the power supply charges the capacitor; when the capacitance becomes smaller, the capacitor discharges, thereby generating current in the circuit and converting the sound signal into an electrical signal.

2 From a structural point of view, what are the differences between the two?

What is the difference in structure:

     Structurally speaking, dynamic microphones are mainly composed of coils, diaphragms and casings. They have a solid structure, stable performance, are relatively durable, and the cost is easy to control. So most of the microphones we usually use in KTV are dynamic microphones. Of course, there is another reason. The use of dynamic microphones is also very simple. It can be used as soon as it is connected to the device, and no DC operating voltage is required.

     But for condenser microphones, everything is not that simple. Structurally, the structure of the capacitor inside the capsule is complex, the plate (ultra-thin metal film) is relatively fragile, expensive, and it is afraid of moisture, falling, and high maintenance costs. In addition, there is an amplifier in the condenser microphone, which requires power supply to work. However, due to the size of the microphone, this power supply is usually designed to be external, and its name is called "Phantom Power".

Condenser microphones are used in recording and other situations that require high sound quality.

     The so-called "phantom power" power supply means that the same audio signal line can transmit audio signal current and DC power voltage. Generally speaking, most condenser microphones require 48V phantom power, so many professional mixers also have built-in 48V phantom power supply. However, some professionals have reported that using 48V phantom power will produce current sound, which will affect the final recording effect. But I think this is only limited to some professionals’ nitpicking about the sound quality, right? I don’t know what everyone thinks about this.

Electret condenser microphone:

     In addition, there is a type of condenser microphone that is powered by batteries, called the electret condenser microphone. It has the characteristics of small size, simple structure, good electroacoustic performance, and low cost, and is suitable for mass production. It is widely used in conference occasions, voice communication equipment, recording pens, cameras, mobile phones and other products. However, the sound quality of electret condenser microphones is relatively poor, so they are mostly used in situations where sound quality is not high.

3What are the differences between the two in terms of sound quality?

What’s the difference in sound quality:

     We have mentioned before that dynamic microphones are widely used in entertainment occasions such as KTV or performances. In addition to low cost and simplicity of use, are there any other reasons? This requires starting with some other characteristics of dynamic microphones. Due to structural reasons, the sensitivity of dynamic microphones is relatively low, and the frequency response is not wide enough (the frequency response range is 50Hz ~ 15kHz, while the audible frequency response range of the human ear is 20Hz ~ 20kHz). Therefore, its high range extension is not good enough, and its response to weak sounds will be slow (slow instantaneous response). Simply put, the sound is not delicate enough and the details are not rich enough.

Although the sound is not delicate enough, dynamic microphones are the best choice for live performances

     But everything has two sides. The shortcomings of dynamic microphones in performance make its timbre appear softer and hazy, and it also makes the singer's singing voice fuller and rounder, or better-sounding. Think back to when you were singing in a KTV. Even with the EQ turned off, your voice seemed to have some effects added to it. In addition, dynamic microphones have a good suppression effect on ambient noise, which is why they are more suitable for use in noisy situations.

     In terms of parameters, condenser mics are obviously much better looking than dynamic mics. It has the characteristics of high sensitivity, wide frequency response (20Hz~20kHz), fast instantaneous response, and high sound reproduction, and can handle high voltage boost with ease. The sound of condenser microphones is clear and bright. Professional singers usually choose condenser microphones to show off their naturally beautiful voices. Therefore, condenser microphones are widely used in professional vocal singing, studio recording, film and television recording, instrument pickup and other occasions. Therefore, condenser microphone can be said to be the best choice for recording.

Condenser microphone for recording in studio

      However, condenser microphones are also not perfect. Due to their high sensitivity, they can easily collect noise from the surrounding environment. Therefore, condenser microphones are usually not used in high-noise environments such as large-scale outdoor performances and film and television broadcasts. Not only is it noisy, it may also cause damage to the microphone. At this time, the dynamic microphone comes in handy.

     Section: Dynamic microphones and condenser microphones may not be good or bad, but they have different uses. In noisy environments and when there are no extremely high requirements for sound quality, dynamic microphones are the first choice. In professional recording, or in places where high-quality and clear sound quality is required, condenser microphones are your first choice.

4The key point is here: How to choose the wheat that suits you?

     Having said so much, some people may ask: "With so many microphones on the market, how do you choose the one that suits you?" I would also like to talk to you about this issue. When choosing a microphone, not just choosing the expensive one is the right one, as that will only make you waste money and may not result in satisfactory sound quality. What you need is a microphone that best matches your voice.

Choose a microphone that matches your voice

     You know, everyone's voice is unique, and every voice has its own sonic characteristics. From high range to low range, from smooth to rough, these differences in waveforms distinguish one's voice from others. Similarly, each microphone also has its own frequency response characteristics. Only when its frequency response characteristics match your voice will it be the most suitable microphone for you.

     It looks quite magical, but actually there is nothing profound about it. For example, if you have a high-pitched voice like "Little Shenyang'er", then a condenser microphone may not be suitable for you (because excessive sensitivity will bring more harsh sibilance). What you need is a dynamic microphone that can cut high frequencies and make the tone darker and warmer.

     On the contrary, if your voice is deep and deep, a dynamic microphone is obviously not suitable. What you need is a condenser microphone that can improve high-frequency brightness and detail performance. This type of microphone can better match your voice. Therefore, choosing the right microphone can complement your voice and make your singing more beautiful.